| Year |
Country |
US
Activity |
Remarks |
| 1946 |
GREECE |
Restore
monarch after overthrow of Metaxas government. |
Successful |
| 1946-1955 |
WEST
GERMANY |
Average of $6
million annually to support former Nazi intelligence network of
General Reinhard Gehlen. |
Successful |
|
1948-1968 |
ITALY |
Average of $30
million annually in payments to political and labor leaders to
support anti- Communist candidates in Italian elections. |
Successful |
| 1949 |
GREECE |
Military
assistance to anti-Communist forces in Greek civil war. |
Successful |
| 1949-1953 |
UKRAINE |
Organize and
support a Ukrainian resistance movement. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1949-1961 |
BURMA |
Support 12,000
Nationalist China troops in Burma under General Li Mi as an
incursion force into People's Republic of China. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1950-1952 |
POLAND |
Financial and
military assistance for Polish Freedom and Independence Movement. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1950 |
ALBANIA |
Overthrow
government of Enver Hoxha. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1951-1954 |
CHINA |
Airdrop
guerilla teams into People's Republic of China. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1953 |
IRAN |
Overthrow
Mossadegh government and install Shah Zahedi. Cost: $10 million. |
Successful |
| 1953 |
PHILIPPINES |
Assassination
and propaganda campaign to overcome Huk resistance and install
government of Ramon Magsaysay. |
Successful |
| 1953 |
COSTA
RICA |
Overthrow
government of Jose Figueres. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1954 |
SOUTH
VIETNAM |
Install
government of Ngo Dinh Diem. |
Successful |
| 1954 |
WEST
GERMANY |
Arrange
abduction and discreditation of West German intelligence chief
Otto John, and replace with Reinhard Gehlen. |
Successful |
| 1954 |
GUATEMALA |
Overthrow
government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman and replace with Carlos
Castillo Armas. |
Successful |
| 1955 |
CHINA |
Assassinate
Zhou Enlai en route to Bandung Conference. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1956 |
HUNGARY |
Financial and
military assistance to organize and support a Hungarian resistance
movement, and broad propaganda campaign to encourage it. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1956 |
CUBA |
Establish
anti-Communist police force, Buro de Represion Actividades
Communistas (BRAC) under Batista regime. |
Successful |
| 1956 |
EGYPT |
Overthrow
Nasser government. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1956 |
SYRIA |
Overthrow
Ghazzi government. |
Aborted
by Israeli invasion of Egypt. |
| 1956-1957 |
JORDAN |
Average of
$750,000 annually in personal payments to King Hussein. |
According
to United States government, payments ceased when disclosed in
1976. |
| 1957 |
LEBANON |
Financial
assistance for the election of pro-American candidates to Lebanese
Parliament. |
Successful |
| 1958 |
INDONESIA |
Financial and
military assistance, including B-26 bombers, for rebel forces
attempting to overthrow Sukarno government. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1958-1961 |
TIBET |
Infiltrate
Tibetan guerrillas trained in United States to fight Chinese
Communists. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1959 |
CAMBODIA |
Assassinate
Prince Norodum Shianouk. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1960 |
GUATEMALA |
Military
assistance, including the use of B-26 bombers for government of
Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes to defeat rebel forces. |
Successful |
| 1960 |
ANGOLA |
Financial and
military assistance to rebel forces of Holden Roberto. |
Inconclusive |
| 1960 |
LAOS |
Military
assistance, including 400 United States Special Forces troops, to
deny the Plain of Jars bad Mekong Basin to Pathet Lao. |
Inconclusive |
| 1961-1965 |
LAOS |
Average of
$300 million annually to recruit and maintain L'Armee Clandestine
of 35,000 Hmong and Meo tribesmen and 17,000 Thai mercenaries in
support of government of Phoumi Nosavan to resist Pathet
Lao. |
Successful |
| 1961-1963 |
CUBA |
Assassinate
Fidel Castro. Six attempts in this period. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1961 |
CUBA |
Train and
support invasion force of Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro
government, and assist their invasion at the Bay of Pigs. Cost:
$62 million. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1961 |
ECUADOR |
Overthrow
government of Hose Velasco Ibarra. |
Successful |
| 1961 |
CONGO |
Precipitate
conditions leading to assassination of Patrice Lumumba. |
Successful |
| 1961 |
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC |
Precipitate
conditions leading to assassination of Rafael Trujillo. |
Successful |
| 1961-1966 |
CUBA |
Broad sabotage
program, including terrorist attacks on coastal targets and
bacteriological warfare, in effort to weaken Castro government. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1962 |
THAILAND |
Brigade of
5,000 United States Marines to resist threat to Thai government
from Pathet Lao. |
Successful |
| 1962-1964 |
BRITISH
GUIANA |
Organize labor
strikes and riots to overthrow government of Cheddi Jagan. |
Successful |
| 1962-1964 |
BRAZIL |
Organize
campaign of labor strike and propaganda to overthrow government of
Joao Goulart. |
Successful |
| 1963 |
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC |
Overthrow
government of Juan Bosch in military coup. |
Successful |
| 1963 |
SOUTH
VIETNAM |
Precipitate
conditions leading to assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem. |
Successful |
| 1963 |
ECUADOR |
Overthrow
government of Carlos Julio Arosemena. |
Successful |
| 1963-1984 |
EL
SALVADOR |
Organize ORDEN
and ANSESAL domestic intelligence networks under direction of
General Jose Alberto Medrano and Colonel Nicolas Carranza, and
provide intelligence support and training in surveillance,
interrogation and assassination techniques. |
Successful |
| 1963-1973 |
IRAQ |
Financial and
military assistance for Freedom Party of Mulla Mustafa al Barzani
in effort to establish independent Kurdistan. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1964 |
CHILE |
$20 million in
assistance for Eduardo Frei to defeat Salvador Allende in Chilean
elections. |
Successful |
| 1964 |
BRAZIL,
GUATEMALA, URUGUAY, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC |
Provide
training in assassination and interrogation techniques for police
and intelligence personnel. |
Inconclusive |
| 1964 |
CONGO |
Financial and
military assistance, including B-26 and T-28 aircraft, and
American and exiled Cuban pilots, for Joseph Mobutu and Cyril
Adoula, and later for Moise Tshombe in Katanga, to defeat rebel
forces loyal to Lumumba. |
Successful |
| 1964-1967 |
SOUTH
VIETNAM |
Phoenix
Program to eliminate Viet Cong political infrastructure through
more than 20,000 assassinations. |
Infiltrated
by Viet Cong and only partially successful |
| 1964-1971 |
NORTH
VIETNAM |
Sabotage and
ambush missions under Operations Plan 34A by United States Special
Forces and Nung tribesmen. |
Inconclusive |
| 1965-1971 |
LAOS |
Under
Operations Shining Brass and Prairie Fire, sabotage and ambush
missions by United States Special Forces personnel and Nung and
Meo tribesmen under General Bang Pao. |
Inconclusive |
| 1965 |
THAILAND |
Recruit 17,000
mercenaries to support Laotian government of Phoumi Nosavan
resisting Pathet Lao. |
Successful |
| 1965 |
PERU |
Provide
training in assassination and interrogation techniques for
Peruvian police and intelligence personnel, similar to training
given in Uruguay, Brazil and Dominican Republic, in effort to
defeat resistance movement. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1965 |
INDONESIA |
Organize
campaign of propaganda to overthrow Sukarno government, and
precipitate conditions leading to massacre of more than 500,000
members of Indonesian Communist Party, in order to eliminate
opposition to new Suharto government. |
Successful |
| 1967 |
BOLIVIA |
Assist
government in capture of Ernesto Che Guevara. |
Successful |
| 1967 |
GREECE |
Overthrow
government of George Papandreou and install military government of
Colonel George Papadopolous after abdication of King Constantine. |
Successful |
| 1967-1971 |
CAMBODIA |
Under Projects
Daniel Boone and Salem House, sabotage and ambush missions by
United States Special Forces personnel and Meo tribesmen. |
Inconclusive |
| 1969-1970 |
CAMBODIA |
Bombing
campaign to crush Viet Cong sanctuaries in Cambodia. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1970 |
CAMBODIA |
Overthrow
government of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. |
Successful |
| 1970-1973 |
CHILE |
Campaign of
assassinations, propaganda, labor strikes and demonstrations to
overthrow government of Salvador Allende. Cost: $8,400,000. |
Successful |
| 1973-1978 |
AFGHANISTAN |
Military and
financial assistance to government of Mohammed Duad to resist rise
to power of Noor Mohammed Taraki. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1975 |
PORTUGAL |
Overthrow
government of General Vasco dos Santos Goncalves. |
Successful |
| 1975 |
ANGOLA |
Military
assistance to forces of Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi to defeat
forces of Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
during Angolan civil war, and prevent MPLA from forming new
government. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1975 |
AUSTRALIA |
Propaganda and
political pressure to force dissolution of labor government of
Gough Whitlam. |
Successful |
| 1976 |
JAMAICA |
Military coup
to overthrow government of Michael Manley. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1976-1984 |
ANGOLA |
Financial and
military assistance to forces of Jonas Savimbi to harass and
destabilize Neto and succeeding governments. |
Inconclusive |
|
1979 |
IRAN |
Install
military government to replace Shah and resist growth of Moslem
fundamentalism. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1979-1980 |
JAMAICA |
Financial
pressure to destabilize government of Michael Manley, and campaign
propaganda and demonstrations to defeat it in elections. |
Successful |
| 1979 |
AFGHANISTAN |
Military aid
to rebel forces of Zia Nezri, Zia Khan Nassry, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar,
Sayed Ahmed Gailani and conservative mullahs to overthrow
government of Hafizullah Amin. |
Aborted
by Soviet intervention and installation of new government. |
| 1980-1984 |
AFGHANISTAN |
Continuing
military aid to same rebel groups to harass Soviet occupation
forces and challenge legitimacy of government of Babrak Karmal. |
Successful |
| 1979 |
SEYCHELLES |
Destabilize
government of France Albert Rene. |
Successful |
| 1980 |
GRENADA |
Mercenary coup
to overthrow government of Maurice Bishop. |
Successful |
| 1980 |
DOMINICA |
Financial
support to Freedom Party of Eugenia Charles to defeat Oliver
Seraphim in Dominican elections. |
Successful |
| 1980 |
GUYANA |
Assassinate
opposition leader Walter Rodney to consolidate power of government
of Forbes Burnham. |
Successful |
| 1980-1984 |
NICARAGUA |
Military
assistance to Adolfo Colero Portocarrero, Alfonso Robelo, Alfonso
Callejas, Fernando Chamorro Rappacioli, Eden Pastora Gomez,
Adrianna Guillen, Steadman Fagoth and former Somoza National Guard
officers, to recruit, train and equip anti-Sandinista forces for
sabotage and terrorist incursions into Nicaragua from sanctuaries
in Honduras and Costa Rica, in effort to destabilize government of
Daniel Ortega Saavedra. |
|
| 1981 |
SEYCHELLES |
Military coup
to overthrow government of France Albert Rene. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1981-1982 |
MAURITIUS |
Financial
support to Seewoosagar Ramgoolam to bring him to power in 1982
elections. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1981-1984 |
LIBYA |
Broad campaign
of economic pressure, propaganda, military maneuvers in Egypt,
Sudan and Gulf of Sidra, and organization if Libyan Liberation
Front exiles to destabilize government of Muammar Qaddafi. |
Inconclusive |
| 1982 |
CHAD |
Military
assistance to Hissen Habre to overthrow government of Goukouni
Oueddei. |
Successful |
| 1982 |
GUATEMALA |
Military coup
to overthrow government of Angel Anibal Guevara. |
Successful |
| 1982 |
BOLIVIA |
Military coup
to overthrow government of Celso Torrelio. |
Successful |
| 1982 |
JORDAN |
Military
assistance to equip and train two Jordanian brigades as an Arab
strike force to implement United States policy objectives without
Israeli assistance. |
|
| 1982-1983 |
SURINAM |
Overthrow
government of Colonel Desi Bouterse. Three attempts in this
period. |
Unsuccessful |
| 1984 |
EL
SALVADOR. |
$1.4 million
in financial support for the Presidential election campaign of
Jose Napoleon Duarte. |
Successful |
