Party-List Legislation
in the 13th Congress
The party-list system was envisioned by
its advocates as purportedly a counter-current to the dominance of
pro-foreign and elite interests in Philippine traditional politics. How
have the party-list groups done in terms of their legislative work? Have
they fulfilled the mandate of legislating particularly for the
marginalized and underrepresented sectors? A look at the bills filed by
party-list groups during the 13th Congress can give one an
idea.
BY ALEXANDER MARTIN REMOLLINO
Bulatlat
The party-list system
makes it possible for groups representing the country’s marginalized and
underrepresented sectors to have seats at the House of Representatives. It
was envisioned by its advocates as purportedly a counter-current to the
dominance of pro-foreign and elite interests in Philippine traditional
politics.
The 1987 Constitution
has a provision that representatives from party-list groups are to be
allotted 20 percent of the total number of seats at the House of
Representatives. For three consecutive terms under the 1987 Constitution,
representatives from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural
communities, women, youth, and other sectors as may be provided by law –
except the religious sector – were selected or elected to fill half of the
seats allocated to party-list representatives.
Republic Act No.
7941, passed in 1995, served as the enabling law for the constitutional
provision for a party-list system. It also adds the elderly, the
handicapped, veterans, overseas workers, and professionals to the list of
sectors that party-list groups are supposed to represent.
As representatives of
marginalized and underrepresented groups, party-list lawmakers are
expected to contribute legislation that would benefit their immediate
constituency and the nation in general. As the Supreme Court stated in its
landmark decision on Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW v. Comelec, et al,
“while lacking a well-defined political constituency, the (party-list)
nominee must likewise be able to contribute to the formulation and
enactment of appropriate legislation that will benefit the nation as a
whole.”
How have the
party-list groups done in terms of their legislative work? Have they
fulfilled the mandate of legislating particularly for the marginalized and
underrepresented sectors? A look at the bills they filed can give one an
idea.
The party-list groups
that won seats in the 13th Congress are: Bayan Muna (People
First), AnakPawis (Toiling Masses), Akbayan, Association of Philippine
Electric Cooperatives (APEC), Buhay Hayaan Yumabong (Buhay or Let Life
Grow), Anakpawis (Toiling Masses), Gabriela Women’s Party (GWP), Citizen’s
Battle Against Corruption (Cibac), Butil (Grain) Farmer Party, Veterans
Freedom Party, Cooperative-National Confederation of Cooperatives (Coop-Natcco),
An Waray (literally, Those Who Have Nothing), Anak Mindanao (AMIN or
Children of Mindanao), Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino (ALIF or The
Struggle of Indigenous Filipino), and Alagad (literally, Agent).
Based on the Social
Weather Station (SWS) survey last March, six of these party-list groups
could expect to maintain, if not increase, their seats at the House of
Representatives: Bayan Muna, Akbayan, Anakpawis, GWP, AMIN and Cibac. Four
of them, meanwhile, fell short of the statistical requirement for
congressional representation but are close to the threshold: APEC, Partido
ng Manggagawa, Buhay, and Coop-Natcco.
Their performance
during the 13th Congress may be taken as a measure of how they
may be expected to do if they all manage to win seats in the 14th
Congress.
Bayan Muna was
represented by Satur Ocampo, Teddy Casiño, and Joel Virador. The three
filed more than 200 bills and resolutions in all during the 13th
Congress, based on data from the House of Representatives.
Ocampo’s bills dealt
primarily with human rights and foreign debt. Among his human rights bills
are those repealing Batas Pambansa Blg. 880 and strengthening the right to
free expression and peaceable assembly, defining and penalizing the crime
of forced disappearance and declaring torture as a crime and prescribing
penalties for acts of torture. He also has bills repealing the Automatic
Appropriations Act, cancelling “fraudulent” loans incurred during the
Marcos regime as well as those that resulted from onerous contracts.
Casiño, a former
student leader, had a number of bills seeking to regulate tuition and
other fee increases in private colleges and universities and mandating
them to allow a certain number of students as scholarship grantees.
Virador, meanwhile, is known for his bill repealing the Mining Act of
1995.
AnakPawis Rep.
Crispin Beltran – who has been confined under police custody at the
Philippine Heart Center since February 2006 following his warrantless
arrest on rebellion charges – is best known for his bills providing for
wage increases for private-sector workers and government employees. He
also filed a bill seeking to repeal the Downstream Oil Industry
Deregulation Act of 1998.
The other AnakPawis
representative, Rafael Mariano – a farmer from Nueva Ecija and a long-time
peasant leader before being elected to Congress – had bills focusing
mainly on land rights for farmers.
GWP’s Liza Maza filed
a bill providing for equal rights for husbands and wives by amending
Articles 333, 334, and 344 of the Revised Penal Code. Her bills have dealt
mostly with the promotion of women’s and children’s rights.
Akbayan’s bills dealt
mainly with the promotion of human rights education and international
humanitarian law, and amendments to the country’s tax and labor laws.
APEC filed a few
bills dealing with extending tax exemptions to electric cooperatives.
Meanwhile, Coop-Natcco’s Guillermo Cua had bills seeking to strengthen
cooperatives and give them representation in certain government agencies.
Buhay’s Hans
Christian Señeres and Rene Velarde filed a few bills dealing with child
pornography and abortion. Cibac’s Joel Villanueva filed bills against
corruption, marital infidelity, and pornography.
AMIN’s Mujiv Hataman
filed bills which provide for the mandatory study of Moro and Lumad
history, culture and identity in all levels of education in the
Philippines. Many of his other bills, however, are particular to certain
legislative districts in Mindanao.
Partido ng Manggagawa
represents workers. It is represented in Congress by Renato Magtubo. The
House of Representatives website has no listing for bills under Magtubo’s
name, but the Partido ng Manggagawa website lists, among other measures, a
bill establishing a New Labor Code of the Philippines as well as bills
providing for salary increases for public school teachers. Magtubo
co-sponsored Beltran’s bills on wage increases for private-sector workers
and government employees.
Having identified the
major bills they filed, it remains another matter altogether as to why
most of them have not been approved by the House of Representatives.
Bulatlat
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