MIGRANTS
YEARENDER
RP Risking the Lives
of OFWs to Save the Economy
(First of two parts)
Deployment of overseas
Filipino workers abroad, even in danger zones, has been the response of
the government to the ballooning unemployment rate and worsening poverty
situation. But despite their valuable contribution in propping up the
ailing economy, the “modern-day heroes” do not get what is due to them.
In times of crisis, they are left to fend for themselves without the
assistance of the government that reaps the benefits of their labor.
BY AUBREY SC MAKILAN
Bulatlat
Unable to achieve its
target of creating one million jobs a year, the Arroyo government is
aggressively pushing its labor export policy.
As of Nov. 18, the
country has deployed 991,461 overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) across the
globe. Of this, 751,974 are land-based migrant workers while the remaining
239,487 are seafarers.
In 2005, the $10.7
billion of OFW remittances kept the economy afloat by providing the much
needed dollar reserves and financing consumer expenditures of families of
OFWs. In fact, the promotions and sales campaigns of the housing sector
are targeted at the families of OFWs.
This year, Bangko
Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) projects remittances to go as high as $13.4
billion. During the first ten months of 2006, remittances had already
reached $10.3 billion. BSP Deputy Governor Diwa Gunigundo projects that
OFW remittances for 2007 could surpass the 2006 figures at $14.1 billion.
Despite the heaping
praises from government, Connie Bragas-Regalado, chair of Migrante
International, said that OFWs do not receive the services “modern-day
heroes” deserve.
Worse, in spite of
the government’s policy to “allow our citizens to work only in safe
places,” she said OFWs are still working in and are being deployed to
danger zones all over the
world (SEE TABLE).
Escaping poverty
Being
the poorest island in the country,
Mindanao has the highest
deployment of women workers abroad
over the last three years, with Region 12 or Soccsksargen leading over the
island's six regions. The Center for Migrant Advocacy Philippines
(CMA-Philippines) revealed that four out of 10 OFWs come from Mindanao.
CMA also said that out of the 135,000 OFWs from the island 66.2 percent
are women while only 34.8 percent are men. Confirming the report, the
National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) said that in 2005 six out
of 10 OFWs coming from Mindanao are women, compared to only four out of
ten in Luzon and Visayas.
Some local
governments have come up with various schemes to facilitate the deployment
of OFWs. The Clark Development Corporation (CDC) opened a One-Stop
Processing Center (OSPC)
inside the special economic zone.
With the said scheme, the various government agencies involved in the
issuance of permits and licenses, and the processing of the papers of OFWs
are housed inside the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ).
In Barangay Culiat in
Quezon City, a Muslim community called Salam has become a
transit point for several
women from Mindanao who are hoping to be deployed to Middle East
countries. In Salam, Muslim agents help the women process their
requirements with recruitment and government agencies, and provide free
board and lodging. The cost incurred in the processing of papers and the
board and lodging are computed and deducted from the salaries of OFWs once
they start working abroad.
Risks
Ironically, OFWs who
have escaped the war and poverty in Mindanao found themselves in the
crossfire in
war-torn countries.
The U.S. invasion of
Iraq made it risky for OFWs to work in that country, especially since most
available jobs revolve around the war and reconstruction activities of the
U.S. armed forces. Three Filipino truck drivers were killed and several
others wounded in different bombing incidents inside U.S. military camps
or while transporting supplies for U.S. troops. For a salary of around
$2,000 to $4,000 a month, some Filipinos even accept mercenary jobs
providing security to U.S. troops, supply convoys, and strategic
installations.
In Saudi Arabia, OFWs
Abel Monterela and Felix Llorando, along with three others, died in
February after being wounded in a shootout between Saudi police and
militants.
Twenty Filipino
seafarers were seized by Somali rebels who held them hostage for 108 days
last March 29.
Recently, more than
250 OFWs working at Betchel Oil Refinery in Tengiz, Kazakhstan found
themselves at risk after a riot between Turkish workers and Kazakhs who
accused migrant workers of taking over their jobs. The OFWs have likewise
received threats from the Kazakhs.
Despite the threats
to their lives, many OFWs choose to stay in their jobs rather than risk
dying of hunger and poverty at home. Thus, OFW deployment to these danger
zones continues. (see table)
Lebanon
The crisis in Lebanon
was a glaring example of the type of response and services the Arroyo
government provides to OFWs. It took ten days, after Israel started
bombing Lebanon last July 12, before the Philippines was able to
repatriate the first batch of OFWs. The government cited the difficulties
and obstacles created by the war as the reason for the delays. But France
was able to bring home its nationals on the third day.
Quoting a “top level
source” at the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) who claims
to have “first-hand knowledge” regarding the evacuation plans for OFWs,
Migrante Sectoral Party (MSP) spokesperson Garry Martinez disclosed that
the government
planned to repatriate only 10 percent
or about 3,400 of the 34,000 OFWs in Lebanon. Martinez also said that the
government has no crisis management plan in case the war escalates in the
region.
For their part,
Migrante helped the distressed OFWs in Lebanon thru Task Force Ligtas
(Task Force Safety), which was formed much earlier than the government’s
Oplan Sagip OFW sa Lebanon (Oplan Save OFWs in Lebanon). After Migrante
announced the formation of the task force and the hotline number on the
third day of the bombing, they were flooded by calls and text messages
from families of stranded OFWs in Lebanon.
The evacuation
efforts of the Arroyo government was even marred by squabbles over funding
involving officials from the Philippine embassy in Lebanon, the Department
of Foreign Affairs and the OWWA. The bickering started when Ambassador to
Lebanon Al Francis Bichara said on national television that they would be
constrained to stop the evacuation of OFWs for lack of funds.
In a news briefing in
Malacañang, Foreign Affairs Undersecretary for Migrant Workers Affairs
Esteban Conejos Jr., countered that the Department of Budget and
Management (DBM) released $150 million to the Department of Foreign
Affairs (DFA) on July 20. He further claimed that of the said amount,
$150,000 was disbursed to the Philippine embassy in Lebanon to augment the
latter’s funds which amounted to only $200,000.
Martinez also learned
through his caregiver wife in Kadima, Israel that the government had no
evacuation plan for OFWs in Israel in case the war escalated. To cope with
this, Migrante organized its own safety and security plans, and spread it
to OFWs through Martinez’s wife.
Bragas-Regalado said
that the Philippine government should have a contingency plan in place
since the Lebanon-Israel conflict is a recurring situation.
It was even the
International Organization for Migrants (IOM) which shouldered the
repatriation costs of more than 4,000 OFWs from among the 6,000 migrant
workers it repatriated.
Miserable life
back home
The travails of OFWs
from Lebanon did not end with their repatriation. For days, the
repatriated OFWs from Lebanon filled the lobby of the OWWA center
waiting and begging for the
release of their plane ticket to their respective provinces. They were
also burdened by the fact that they had become jobless when they had to
pay the debts they incurred to be able to work in Lebanon and their family
had to survive.
The government
promised the repatriated OFWs that they could avail of trainings,
livelihood support, scholarships and other forms of assistance upon their
return to their respective provinces. Somehow, these promises provided a
tinge of hope but the repatriated OFWs could not wait forever to be able
to avail of the promised assistance.
Thus, despite the
trauma they experienced, most if not all are willing to leave the country
again for another job in order to uplift their deplorable lives.
Meanwhile, President
Arroyo, in her 2006 state of the nation address, announced that one of the
thrusts of her administration is the upgrading of skills and knowledge of
Filipino domestic helpers who are planning to work abroad so that they
could become what the president described as “supermaids.”
She explained that the training of “supermaids” would increase the value
of OFWs who work as domestic workers abroad and eventually compensate for
the economic dislocation repatriated OFWs experienced.
Migrant leader
Bragas-Regalado said that this move is not the answer to the needs of the
OFWs, in particular, and the Filipino people, in general. She said this
only shows that the government could not provide the much-needed jobs
locally. Thus, it had to rely on the export of the country’s human
resources to prop up the economy and provide gainful employment to
Filipinos. Bulatlat
OFWs Battle to Save their Own
Lives
(Conclusion)
Table |
Country |
OFW Deployment |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
Total |
Iraq |
1,490 |
3,252 |
---- |
4,742 |
Afghanistan |
19 |
148 |
498 |
665 |
Table 2. 2003 OFW Deployment * |
|
Iraq |
Kuwait |
KSA |
Israel |
January |
|
2,196 |
20,173 |
493 |
February |
1 |
1,622 |
14,784 |
779 |
March |
|
1,168 |
12,581 |
251 |
April |
|
2,033 |
15,303 |
984 |
May |
2 |
1,852 |
17,141 |
591 |
June |
5 |
1,859 |
16,182 |
377 |
July |
|
2,770 |
13,152 |
282 |
August |
9 |
2,212 |
13,483 |
298 |
September |
187 |
3,559 |
14,578 |
425 |
October |
406 |
2,334 |
9,380 |
321 |
November |
172 |
1,868 |
11,906 |
177 |
December |
708 |
2,752 |
10,348 |
116 |
Total |
1,489 |
21,239 |
121,473 |
3,571 |
Source:
Migrante’s record from DoLE
*
despite
DoLE Order # 42-03, March 22, 2003: Temporary suspension of
deployment of overseas Filipino workers to Iraq, Kuwait, the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia and Israel |
Table 1. Jobs created vs. OFW deployment
2001- 2006 |
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
Jobs
Created ('000; as of April) |
859 |
1,026 |
232 |
1,115 |
688 |
803 |
OFWs
Deployed |
867,599 |
891,908 |
867,969 |
933,588 |
988,383 |
564,920a
|
OFWs
Remittances ($M) |
6,031.3 |
7,189.2 |
7,640.0 |
8,344.5 |
10,689.0
|
3,712.9b
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source:
Labor Force Survey-NSO; POEA; BSP
A – Jan to June
B – Jan to April |
Table 3 Danger Zones |
Country |
OFWs and OFs |
|
|
For POEA, DFA
|
|
Iraq |
6,020* |
Lebanon |
34,437** |
Afghanistan |
370* |
|
|
Other countries
considered
as danger zones by Migrante |
|
Somalia |
5* |
Saudi Arabia |
994,377** |
Nigeria |
12,354** |
North Korea |
4* |
South Korea |
47,150** |
Iran |
1,254* |
Israel |
37,155** |
Liberia |
175* |
Balkan Peninsula |
26,831* |
|
|
Total |
1,160,132 |
|
|
*
DFA-OUMWA report as of Sept. 13, 2005
** Commission on Filipinos Overseas, 2004
- Balkan Peninsula (Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Yugoslavia,
Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, plus Slovenia,
Romania, European part of Turkey, and Eastern Thrace) |
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